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Up until approximately 10^(-5) seconds after the Big Bang, the Universe was in a primordial state of matter called a quark-gluon plasma (QGP).  This is due to the fact that the early Universe was extremely hot and, in such a hot environment, normal matter, e.g., atoms, atomic nuclei, and even neutrons and protons, did not exist.  Fundamentally, the melting of protons of neutrons in the early Universe is predicted to occur at temperatures on the order of 2 trillion Kelvin, with this temperature being predicted by the fundamental theory governing quarks and gluons, which is called...

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently awarded a $1.86 million grant to Dr. Thorsten-Lars Schmidt to develop molecular tools that help researchers to understand membrane proteins. The R35 or “Maximizing Investigators’ Research Award” (MIRA) provides promising researchers with a five-year funding for a broader research program, rather than funding a specific project. This gives investigators a great deal of freedom to develop new research directions as opportunities arise, rather than being bound to specific aims of a more narrow study. This flexibility makes this an extremely co...

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently awarded a $1.86 million grant to Thorsten-Lars Schmidt, Ph.D., to develop molecular tools that help researchers to understand membrane proteins. The R35 or “Maximizing Investigators’ Research Award” (MIRA) provides promising researchers with a five-year funding for a broader research program, rather than funding a specific project. This gives investigators a lot of freedom to develop new research directions as opportunities arise, rather than being bound to specific aims of a more narrow study. This flexibility makes this an extremely com...